The optimal concentration balances dose precision with injection volume: 200500mcg/mL allows accurate measurement using standard insulin syringes graduated in 0.01mL (1 unit) increments
Studies that did not directly address ROS or redox signaling
But in high doses, particularly via injections, it can have side effects
Despite conventional therapies, including renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, substantial residual risk remains
Efstratiadis G, Tsiaousis G, Athyros VG, Karagianni D, Pavlitou-Tsiontsi A, Giannakou-Darda A, Manes C: Total serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and C-reactive protein in metabolic syndrome with or without diabetes