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Where they overlap and where they don't Complementary Mechanism Targets Target Origin BPC-157 Gastric juice protein fragment (15 amino acids) TB-500 Thymosin Beta-4 fragment (LKKTETQ region) Target Primary action BPC-157 Local tissue repair signaling TB-500 Systemic cell migration and mobilization Target Angiogenesis BPC-157 VEGF upregulation, NO pathway TB-500 Endothelial migration, VEGF crosstalk Target Cell migration BPC-157 Indirect, via growth factors TB-500 Direct (G-actin sequestering) Target Best-evidence tissue BPC-157 Tendon, gut, gastric mucosa (preclinical) TB-500 Cardiac, corneal, skin (preclinical + early human T4) Target Reported in vivo half-life BPC-157 ~4 hours (animal estimates) TB-500 ~23 days (animal estimates) Half-life figures are pharmacokinetic estimates from animal studies

Andrologia 52 , e13551 (2020)

However, not a platform for weight loss

82 The promising mechanism of action of TLK286 and its positive preclinical data have sparked a series of clinical trials where the prodrugs have been applied alone or in combination with other standard chemotherapeutic agents

This research material is not an investigational drug product, has not been evaluated by the FDA for any use, and is not intended for clinical, diagnostic, or veterinary applications