It appears to have the most powerful effect on gut health when taken orally, whereas subcutaneous injections are better for reducing systemic inflammation and aiding with tissue repair
The global market size for Bacteriostatic Water for Injection (BWFI), which includes research-grade products, was approximately USD 1.121.2 billion in 2024, with projections reaching USD 1.3 billion in 2025
This medicine may cause serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis and angioedema, which can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention
The potential for publication bias and the exclusion of non-English articles may also impact the comprehensiveness of the findings
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