4.7 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) RA is a highly prevalent disease with a complex, not yet fully understood etiology that is characterized by auto-Abs and excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines (including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, interferon-gamma, receptor activator of NFB ligand, and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor)
This makes post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation more common and more persistent in darker skin tones
According to a study in Experimental Gerontology, The free radical theory of aging proposes that oxidative stress plays a key role in the aging process
A comparison between two proposed definitions
Without careful management, this may lead to serious health issues like heart disease, kidney failure, and vision problems over time