how does glp-1 work in the brain Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), released from intestine, informs Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and GLP-2

Use in a formulation within 3 - 6 weeks after opening to ensure effectiveness

Constipation another common side effectcan contribute to lower abdominal pain and cramping

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Common Reflux Triggers on GLP-1s Very spicy foods chilli-heavy dishes, hot sauce, curry with high capsaicin content Tomato-based sauces pasta sauce, pizza sauce, tomato soup (particularly on an empty stomach) Citrus fruits and juices oranges, grapefruit, orange juice Chocolate relaxes the lower oesophageal sphincter Peppermint including peppermint tea (also relaxes the LES) Carbonated beverages even sugar-free ones increase pressure and reflux Coffee, particularly on an empty stomach combines acid stimulation with LES relaxation Onions and garlic in large quantities some patients report significant reactions What to eat instead: Mild-flavour proteins, cooked vegetables (steamed, roasted), plain yoghurt, oats, bananas, ginger tea (actually helps reduce nausea)

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 6(6):635643.e1 Szayna M, Doyle ME, Betkey JA, Holloway HW, Spencer RG, Greig NH et al (2000) Exendin-4 decelerates food intake, weight gain, and fat deposition in Zucker rats