b12 injection site bruising Common Mistakes in Injections to Avoid bruise after b12 injection What

The elderly (reduced absorption) Pernicious anemia Vegetarians / Vegans (low dietary B12) People taking metformin or acid reflux medications (PPIs) Post-bariatric or gastric-bypass patients Genetic variants in MTRR , MTR , or TCN2 What Has B12 Been Studied For

But how much of this is backed by peerreviewed science and how much is marketing spin

Foods (2019)

When you rely on an oral B12 supplement as your main pernicious anemia medication, you are basically hoping that some of that B12 will make its way into your bloodstream even though your intrinsic factor isnt there to help

Scientific Context| One compound that has attracted attention in metabolic and neurological research is Vitamin B12 (commonly cyanocobalamin or methylcobalamin), an essential nutrient involved in red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis, and energy metabolism