Alterations in the normal function of excitatory amino acid carrier 1 affect cysteine transport and GSH synthesis impairing zinc homeostasis (the thiol group of GSH can function as a principal Zn 2+ chelator for the maintenance of Zn 2+ homeostasis in neurons) and oxidative stress, enhancing susceptibility to ischemia-induced neuronal cell death in the hippocampus (162164)

Major Ingredients Purified Water, Ethylhexyl Palmitate, Glycereth-26, Glycerin, Cetearyl Alcohol, Niacinamide, Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin), Beeswax, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Polyglyceryl-2 Stearate, Dipropylene Glycol, Isododecane, Glyceryl Stearate, Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer, Stearyl Alcohol, Glycol Stearate SE, Sodium Polyacrylate, Hydroxyacetophenone, Stearic Acid, Dimethiconol, Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer, Hydrogenated Polydecene, Hydrogenated Lecithin, Tranexamic Acid (1,000ppm), Betaine, Glutathione (1,000ppm), Panthenol, Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil, Butylene Glycol, Adenosine, Sorbitan Isostearate, Caprylyl Glycol, Trideceth-6, 1,2-Hexanediol, Disodium EDTA, Sodium Hyaluronate, Ascorbic Acid Ingredients subject to change at manufacturer's discretion

Injections are more effective for those with absorption issues or severe deficiency, but oral supplements work well for most people with mild deficiency and normal absorption
Y., He, F
& Thaiss, C