Head-to-head data are sparse
However, our analysis shows that people tend to regain weight rapidly after stopping faster than we see with behavioural programmes,' says lead author Dr Sam West, postdoctoral researcher at the Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford
They are mitigated by: Accurate anatomical placement (deep enough into the target muscle, far enough from boundary muscles) Appropriate dilution (concentrated enough to localise but not over-concentrated) Avoiding injection too close to certain landmarks particularly the inferior border of the frontalis when treating forehead, and the inferior orbital rim when treating crows feet Patient post-treatment behaviour (not lying flat, not massaging) for the first 4 hours When complications do occur, they typically resolve as the toxin wears off over 612 weeks there is no permanent effect
Leonurine, for example, exerts its anti-GA effects by suppressing COX-2 and LOX-5 expression, thereby reducing the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and LTB4 levels in synovial macrophages and diminishing neutrophil recruitment (214)
It consists of 15 amino acids (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val) and is widely studied in preclinical models for tissue repair, angiogenesis, gastroprotection, and tendon/ligament healing