Both remain in phase 3 clinical development programs [16]: Cagrilintide Status: Phase 3 trials ongoing for CagriSema (cagrilintide + semaglutide combination) Expected approval timeline: 2027-2028 for the combination product Monotherapy development pathway unclear Retatrutide Status: Phase 3 trials initiated in 2024-2025 Monotherapy development for obesity and metabolic dysfunction Expected approval timeline: 2028-2029 if trials succeed This regulatory status means any use of these compounds, whether individually or in cagrilintide dosage with retatrutide combinations, occurs in research contexts or through off-label prescribing once (if) individual approvals are obtained
The role of ER stress in lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity
doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.09.016 193 LiuJ.OsbournA.MaP
Liraglutide (Saxenda, Novo Nordisk) was further developed with a higher dosage than Victoza for chronic weight management, and was approved by the FDA in 2014, proving its weight loss effects in numerous clinical studies performed worldwide [20,21]
In reverse cardiac remodeling, therapies targeting key signaling pathways, metabolic processes, and contractility-enhancing agents offer promising new approaches for CVD management
