GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide) work by enhancing insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon, slowing gastric emptying, and reducing appetite
Results in animal IBD models and humans suggest that inulin intake can help to improve the intestinal mucosal barrier and suppress intestinal inflammation (149), but some research teams have reached opposite conclusions
The GLP-1R arm contributes the same core mechanism familiar from the first generation of GLP-1 analogues: glucose-dependent insulin secretion, alpha-cell glucagon suppression, hypothalamic appetite regulation, and slowed gastric emptying 24
In company-reported late-phase maintenance data, patients in SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN first lost weight on higher-dose Zepbound, then either continued the maximum tolerated dose or stepped down to 5 mg for a maintenance year
Ribas GS, Vargas CR, Wajner M (2014) L-carnitine supplementation as a potential antioxidant therapy for inherited neurometabolic disorders