Finally, -butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBD) catalyzes the hydroxylation of BB to produce carnitine [158]
Sverrisdttir U, Hansen S, Rudnicki M
People with anxiety disorders, cardiovascular disease, or sensitivity to caffeine may experience particularly problematic effects
For example, doxorubicin (DOX) has cardiac side effects that lead to irreversible dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure, and acetylcarnitine has been shown to prevent cardiac functional and structural damage caused by DOX-induced oxidative stress [289]
In skeletal muscle specifically, MOTS-c has been shown to enhance glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) translocation to the cell surface, the molecular mechanism by which muscle cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream