Crucially, this deficiency strongly correlated with the severity of the patients' fatigue, autonomic dysfunction, and neurocognitive symptoms
265,266 When GLP-1 binds to its receptors in the hypothalamus, it activates specific neurons, including those that promote satiety (POMC/CART neurons) and inhibits those that induce hunger (NPY/AgRP neurons), thereby enhancing the feeling of fullness and reducing food intake
Gastric emptying is a complex physiologic process controlled by the physical and chemical composition, sympathetic and parasympathetic innervations of the stomach, and circulating neuro-endocrine transmitters
Both promote angiogenesis through different pathways, creating additive effects on blood vessel formation
Because CaSR maintains calcium homeostasis, its exaggerated response to calcium tells the body to excrete more calcium