It binds to a series of receptors known as melanocortin receptors (MCRs)
Invasion by mobile aquatic consumers enhances secondary production and increases top-down control of lower trophic levels
Animal studies show substantial evidence across stroke models (full functional recovery in spatial memory, motor coordination, balance), Parkinsons models (protection of dopaminergic neurons, near-complete prevention of mortality), multiple sclerosis models (significantly less brain damage), and traumatic brain injury (reduced hemorrhage and edema)
Cox HD, Smeal SJ, Hughes CM, Cox JE, Eichner D
Other common systemic side effects include constipation, diarrhea, headache, and fatigue