Increased blood concentration of homocysteine is another nonspecific biomarker of vitamin B 12 deficiency that has been linked to depressive symptoms in the elderly (108)
[] However, its twice-daily dosing is associated with significant gastrointestinal side effects and potential cardiovascular concerns, including tachycardia and elevated blood pressure
Smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, physical inactivity, obesity, and an unhealthy dietary pattern remain among the most important modifiable heart-disease risk factors
A few that have research support behind them include: B vitamins Riboflavin is a necessary coenzyme for the activity of glutathione reductase, which converts the oxidized glutathione into its reduced form, which is the antioxidant function
However, at non-physiologic levels ROS are highly toxic and cause widespread non-specific damage to many biological systems