BMJ 381 , e073312 (2023)
Liquid or soft options like smoothies may feel easier to tolerate when solid foods feel heavy
Loading protocol (optional, not generally recommended for people with type 2 diabetes): 20 grams per day, divided into 4 doses of 5 grams each Duration: 57 days This rapidly saturates muscle creatine stores but may increase the risk of gastrointestinal side effects and water retention Maintenance dose (recommended approach for people with type 2 diabetes): 3 grams per day as a single dose This achieves muscle saturation more gradually (typically within 34 weeks) Generally better tolerated and equally effective over time Allows for careful monitoring of any effects on blood glucose levels or medication requirements For people with diabetes, starting with 3 grams daily without a loading phase is the most prudent approach, as it minimises potential side effects and allows for careful monitoring

However, significantly positive effects of the biotics intervention on other markers of renal function, such as eGFR, serum albumin, C-reactive protein, IAA levels, and lipid metabolites, were not observed (Liu et al., 2022)
If glycaemic control deteriorates despite good adherence, your clinician may investigate alternative causes including antibody development