Excessive amounts of APAP metabolism in the liver generate a toxic intermediate, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), mainly through the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2E1 and CYP1A2
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Thus, depleting GSH, either pharmacologically or by metabolic overload, is a strategy to sensitize bacteria
Symptoms of vitamin C deficiency, such as poor wound healing and lethargy, likely result from the impairment of these vitamin C-dependent enzymatic reactions leading to the insufficient synthesis of collagen, carnitine, and catecholamines (see Deficiency)
This establishes the peptide as a potent agent within the central and peripheral nervous systems, capable of modulating key neurotransmitter systems and facilitating recovery from injury