Outcomes of interest for this review included cellular factors such as neurotrophins (i.e., brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)) and inflammatory markers, hemodynamic and functional measures for any cerebral conduit arteries (e.g., neck artery compliance/stiffness, blood flow, reactivity) and cerebral arteries (e.g., cerebral hemodynamics, blood flow, reactivity, autoregulation), brain structure (regional grey matter integrity, white matter lesions, diffusion tensor images, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity), clinical neurodegenerative measures (amyloid deposition, tau neurofibrillary tangles, inflammatory markers), functional connectivity (functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) indices), and cognitive function

Fifty three studies have been found in the databases Pubmed and Web of Science after the removal of duplicates and screening of the title and abstract, and the full texts of only 24 articles were read after the removal of reviews, systematic reviews
Indirect antioxidants and systems level modulators such as PUFAs, folates or folinic acid, and prebiotics or probiotics also show promise
Glutathione is generally well-tolerated, making it a gentler option for those looking to support their health without potential side effects
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