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In one study, participants lost about 1.3 kilograms more than placebo in 16 days, and the drug reduced daily caloric intake by roughly 400 calories per day, suggesting appetite suppression via melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) activation

Ascorbic acid at low pH can reduce copper(II) to copper(I), disrupting the GHK-Cu chelate and potentially generating free radicals through Fenton-type chemistry

Theres no blood-brain barrier to worry about

VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor

p53 tumour-suppressor caution Because FOXO4-DRI intervenes in the p53 pathway, which is critical for tumour suppression, there is theoretical concern that interfering with p53 dynamics might carry oncogenic risk