Metabolic Health Board-certified physician specializing in metabolic health and wellness protocols, with a focus on telemedicine
FIGURE 2 The intrinsic pathway (mitochondrial pathway) involves two primary mechanisms of apoptosis: cytochrome c (Cyt C) release and the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) (Kulikov et al., 2012
Tinnitus and Otosclerosis: An Exploratory Study about the Prevalence, Features and Impact in Daily Life
Why a normal or high total B12 can coexist with cellular deficiency Total B12 measures what is in the blood, not what has reached the cells, so a high or normal value does not rule out a functional shortfall
CCL2 , IL10 , IL1RA , and IL6 were not differentially expressed when impaired and non-impaired individuals were compared, and these genes did not respond to incubation with B12 (Additional file 4)