dpp-4 inhibitors and glp-1 agonists together Mechanism of action for GIP, analogues DPP4 in glp-1_analogs [TUSOM | Pharmwiki]

Provides Antioxidant Protection: D-alpha-tocopherol acetate (Vitamin E) and Ubidecarenone are potent antioxidants that may protect cells from oxidative stress caused by free radicals

ATP production ( Figure 8B ) increased significantly by 22% from baseline to 14 d pi and was not affected by group

10.1007/BF00995555 164 SiliprandiN.SiliprandiD.CimanM

Thiamine also appears to have direct anti-inflammatory effects in the gut of ruminant animals, showing a reduction in intestinal permeability through enhanced production of barrier proteins, protection against bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, and improved barrier function

Reilly, P