Enhanced inflammation is accompanied by an increased abundance of alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes
Improvements that stick Sleep medications only work while you take them
Conditions like pernicious anaemia (an autoimmune condition affecting a protein called intrinsic factor vital for B12 absorption), stomach issues (such as from reduced stomach acid or certain medications like proton pump inhibitors), intestinal disorders (like Crohns disease or coeliac disease), or even surgical removal of parts of the small intestine (e.g., gastric bypass surgery) can prevent proper absorption
As of early 2026, the TRIUMPH program is fully enrolled across most arms, with topline readouts expected on a staggered timeline
These trials collectively indicate that whilst GLP-1 receptor agonists appear safe in Parkinson's populations, the magnitude of clinical benefit remains uncertain