In chicken liver, copper exposure inactivates the Nrf2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) signaling pathway, reduces the expression of its downstream gene targets such as xCT and GPX4, disrupts the endogenous antioxidant GSH metabolism, promotes lipid peroxidation and induces the typical morphological characteristics in mitochondria associated with ferroptosis
Author Contributions: Conceptualization: Jung CH
In addition to the aforementioned combination therapy including acetyl-l-carnitine and pregabalin, there are studies in which acetyl-l-carnitine was combined with other nutraceuticals [98,99,100]
Patients should be counseled to recognize signs of allergic responses, including widespread rash, hives, facial swelling, or difficulty breathing, which require immediate medical attention
Apoptosis and Immunogenic cell death The cell death pathway includes apoptosis, autophagy, iron death, and necrotizing apoptosis