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It was also established that besides MSU crystals alone, macrophages engulfing MSU crystals and creating granulomas could further spur the generation of M1 macrophage polarization, intensifying interstitial inflammation and propagating chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression (72)

doi: 10.1017/S0007114508959183 69

The liberation of Nrf2 from Keap1 allows Nrf2 accumulation and translocation to the nucleus (Cuadrado et al., 2019

Exposure to 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA), a vitamin A metabolite, is one of the risk factors for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), although the precise mechanisms are not fully understood

Localization to secretory granules and inhibition of insulin secretion