"Placebo-controlled" means the control group receives an identical-looking but inactive product, so any improvement in the treatment group can be attributed to the active ingredients rather than the act of applying something
It's a small subcutaneous injection at bedtime, taken five days on and two days off each week
MuscleTech suggests that their rapid-acting L-Carnitine formula has been shown to promote recovery following resistance exercise by minimizing muscle damage
This typically fades on its own within a day or two
Spicer J, Shewale J, Sepesi B, Antonoff M, Correa A, Hofstetter W, Rice D, Vaporciyan A, Mehran R, Walsh G, Roth J, Swisher S