The Limitations of Traditional Melasma Treatments Conventional approaches to treating melasma have included: Topical agents (hydroquinone, retinoids, corticosteroids) Chemical peels Conventional laser therapies Oral medications Lifestyle modifications Sun protection measures While these methods can offer some improvement, they often fall short of delivering comprehensive, long-lasting results
Additionally, high ChaC1 expression increases tumor cell sensitivity to anti-tumor drugs by inducing ER stress and ferroptosis (65,69,138)
GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce dementia and Alzheimer disease risk in diabetic patients with CKD
There are thyroid concerns, with animal studies showing thyroid C-cell tumors, though human relevance remains unclear
Moreover, during its conversion to a more potent nephrotoxic metabolite, CP binds to GSH, a powerful antioxidant molecule leading to depletion of its cellular levels (Manohar and Leung, 2018)