For muscle, joint, tendon, or ligament support, injections may be considered more targeted because they enter the body more directly
Injections may be considered when there is a risk of rapid deterioration, significant neurological or haematological concern, or problems taking oral treatment reliably
The differentiator is transparency at the point of purchase
Some users report needing 20-50% higher nasal doses to achieve equivalent effects, though individual variation is substantial
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 282:E326E335 Fox G, Gabbe B, Richardson M, Oppy A, Page R, Edwards E, Hau R, Ekegren C (2017) Twelve-month outcomes following surgical repair of the Achilles tendon