Common side effects across the class are gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation), most pronounced during dose escalation
Side effect comparison by dose tier Side effects are not random
A key driver of this process is insulin resistance, which affects both hepatic and peripheral tissues, creating a metabolic environment that simultaneously promotes hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis through selective pathway activation
However, fat loss occurs systemically, not selectively
Clearly, for estimation of the impact of circulating intact GLP-1 for insulin secretion via the endocrine route, it is necessary to measure the concentration of the intact hormone, which may be accomplished with sandwich assays as mentioned (often designated active GLP-1 assays)