MCP-1 staining using immunohistochemistry and QuPath digital imaging showed that both male and female transgenic 5xFAD mice that received intranasal GHK-Cu had decreased staining intensity for MCP-1 in the frontal cortex and hippocampus (Figure 4) within tissues registering a positive stain for MCP-1
Three studies contained data for more than one brain region: the results for these different brain regions were included in the final meta-analysis, giving a total of 11 studies in the final list of brain regions with data available
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Different administration routes solve different problems
The Cu refers to copper, the peptide binds a copper ion, and that copper-binding property is central to its biological function