Alternative routes include oral administration (primarily for BPC-157 and gut-targeted protocols), nasal spray delivery (useful for neurological peptides like Semax), and topical application (primarily for GHK-Cu skin applications)
10.1002/jcsm.13213 12 DongL.XieJ.WangY.JiangH.ChenK.LiD.et al (2022)
This can lead to more rapid and efficient management of deficiency symptoms unlike when you take an oral vitamin
Additionally, alpha-lipoic acid may help reduce blood levels of several inflammatory markers, including IL-6 and ICAM-1
Wang and Gu, 2014), c-Jun/AP-1 (Marshall et al., 2000), NF-B (Pineda-Molina et al., 2001), heat shock factor 1 (HSF1