NAD+, in simple words, performs the function of energy carriers, from the mitochondria to the mitochondrial enzymes, in turn supplying fuel to all cells
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Dose-response Assessment and Derivation of Health-Based Guidance Values
GSH neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) by donating a hydrogen, after which it becomes glutathione disulfide (GSSG) (only about 10% is in the GSSG form)
Collectively, these studies, ranging from molecular mechanisms to translational applications, systematically establish ferroptosis as a central link connecting metabolic disorders, oxidative stress, and structural damage to renal tubule, thereby providing a new theoretical basis and intervention targets for DKD diagnosis and therapy