This protective effect was evident through a reduction in serum levels of liver function enzymes and decreased oxidative stress
Instead, it often leads to what scientists call "antioxidant recycling." This is a process where one antioxidant helps "recharge" another after it has been used up
Sources of depletion can include: Mitochondrial energy production (a normal and essential process, but creates harmful byproducts like ROS) Chronic infections, gut dysbiosis (including SIBO and Candida ), and ongoing inflammation Air pollution, heavy metals, and environmental toxins 17 Ultra-processed foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, and foods high in advanced glycation end products (heavily browned foods) 18 Pesticides and herbicides 19 Alcohol and smoking Psychological stress Even vigorous exercise (a healthy stressor that still creates oxidative byproducts) 20 Understanding this helps explain why simply eating well sometimes isnt enough, and why targeted nutritional strategies make a meaningful difference
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IGF-DES Potency vs Native IGF-1 Studies using cultured cells confirmed that the biological potencies of IGF-1, IGF-2, and des-(1-3)-IGF-1 correlate inversely with their binding to IGFBP proteins in conditioned media establishing that des-(1-3)-IGF-1s enhanced in vivo and in vitro potency is a direct consequence of reduced IGFBP sequestration rather than greater intrinsic receptor affinity