Sikulu MT, Monkman J, Dave KA, Hastie ML, Dale PE, Kitching RL, Killeen GF, Kay BH, Gorman JJ, Hugo LE (2015) Proteomic changes occurring in the malaria mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles stephensi during aging
Damaged mitochondria become inefficient, leaking even more free radicals into the cell, which in turn causes further structural damage
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The mechanism is plausible (direct delivery should theoretically accelerate results), but the evidence base is not comparable to what exists for topical application
PubMed 61(6):753 Xin W, Kwan CL, Zhao X, Xu J, Ellen RP, McCulloch CA, Yu X (2005) A functional interaction of sodium and calcium in the regulation of NMDA receptor activity by remote NMDA receptors