In obesity and insulin resistance, mitophagy markers, including LC3BII, Parkin, FUNDC1, and BNIP3, are generally reduced in both human and animal studies, reflecting compromised mitochondrial turnover
Experts also recommend GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as semaglutide, for patients who need additional help in managing blood sugar levels, improve body composition and minimize the health risks associated with obesity
While we did not specifically evaluate the M1/M2 macrophage phenotype in our study cohorts, the observed pro-inflammatory immune profile suggests an activation of M1-type macrophages in patients with LC
Effects of L-carnitine infusion on intralipid clearance and utilization
The increased prevalence of end-stage liver failure and HCC due to progressive NAFLD has led NAFLD to become the second most common indication for liver transplantation, likely configuring the leading indication for liver transplantation within the next two decades (3)